@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 from mypy.constraints import SUPERTYPE_OF
 from mypy.erasetype import erase_type, erase_typevars, remove_instance_last_known_values
 from mypy.errorcodes import TYPE_VAR, UNUSED_AWAITABLE, UNUSED_COROUTINE, ErrorCode
-from mypy.errors import Errors, ErrorWatcher, LoopErrorWatcher, report_internal_error
+from mypy.errors import ErrorInfo, Errors, ErrorWatcher, LoopErrorWatcher, report_internal_error
 from mypy.expandtype import expand_type
 from mypy.literals import Key, extract_var_from_literal_hash, literal, literal_hash
 from mypy.maptype import map_instance_to_supertype
@@ -7181,7 +7181,7 @@ def check_subtype(
 if extra_info:
 msg = msg.with_additional_msg(" (" + ", ".join(extra_info) + ")")
 
-self.fail(msg, context)
+error = self.fail(msg, context)
 for note in notes:
 self.msg.note(note, context, code=msg.code)
 if note_msg:
@@ -7192,7 +7192,7 @@ def check_subtype(
 and supertype.type.is_protocol
 and isinstance(subtype, (CallableType, Instance, TupleType, TypedDictType))
 ):
-self.msg.report_protocol_problems(subtype, supertype, context, code=msg.code)
+self.msg.report_protocol_problems(subtype, supertype, context, parent_error=error)
 if isinstance(supertype, CallableType) and isinstance(subtype, Instance):
 call = find_member("__call__", subtype, subtype, is_operator=True)
 if call:
@@ -7521,12 +7521,11 @@ def temp_node(self, t: Type, context: Context | None = None) -> TempNode:
 
 def fail(
 self, msg: str | ErrorMessage, context: Context, *, code: ErrorCode | None = None
-) -> None:
+) -> ErrorInfo:
 """Produce an error message."""
 if isinstance(msg, ErrorMessage):
-self.msg.fail(msg.value, context, code=msg.code)
-return
-self.msg.fail(msg, context, code=code)
+return self.msg.fail(msg.value, context, code=msg.code)
+return self.msg.fail(msg, context, code=code)
 
 def note(
 self,

@@ -2668,7 +2668,7 @@ def check_arg(
 elif self.has_abstract_type_part(caller_type, callee_type):
 self.msg.concrete_only_call(callee_type, context)
 elif not is_subtype(caller_type, callee_type, options=self.chk.options):
-code = self.msg.incompatible_argument(
+error = self.msg.incompatible_argument(
 n,
 m,
 callee,
@@ -2679,10 +2679,12 @@ def check_arg(
 outer_context=outer_context,
 )
 self.msg.incompatible_argument_note(
-original_caller_type, callee_type, context, code=code
+original_caller_type, callee_type, context, parent_error=error
 )
 if not self.msg.prefer_simple_messages():
-self.chk.check_possible_missing_await(caller_type, callee_type, context, code)
+self.chk.check_possible_missing_await(
+caller_type, callee_type, context, error.code
+)
 
 def check_overload_call(
 self,