Natural Language Processing with Python: A beginner's guide

10 min read
May 30, 2023
content
What is Natural language processing (NLP)?
NLP with Python
Applications of NLP
Popular NLP libraries in Python
Text analysis and its steps
Data preparation
Text exploration
Text analysis
Interpretation and visualization
Wrapping up and next steps

NLP is an intersection of different fields
NLP is an intersection of different fields
Logos of some well-known NLP libraries in Python
Logos of some well-known NLP libraries in Python
Python 3.10.4
def sentenceSegment(text):
sentences = []
start = 0
for i in range(len(text)):
if text[i] == '.' or text[i] == '!' or text[i] == '?':
sentences.append(text[start:i+1].strip())
start = i + 1
return sentences
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
print(sentenceSegment(text))
import nltk
nltk.download('punkt')
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
sentences = nltk.sent_tokenize(text)
print(sentences)
['Hello, NLP world!', '!', 'In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later.']
Python
import string
def remove_punctuation(input_string):
# Define a string of punctuation marks and symbols
punctuations = string.punctuation
# Remove the punctuation marks and symbols from the input string
output_string = "".join(char for char in input_string if char not in punctuations)
return output_string
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
sentences = sentenceSegment(text)
puncRemovedText = remove_punctuation(text)
print(puncRemovedText)
Python 3.8
def convertToLower(s):
return s.lower()
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
puncRemovedText = remove_punctuation(text)
lowerText = convertToLower(puncRemovedText)
print(lowerText)
Python 3.8
#in this code, we are not using any libraries
#tokenize without using any function from string or any other function.
#only using loops and if/else
def tokenize(s):
words = [] #token words should be stored here
i = 0
word = ""
while(i <len(s)):
if (s[i] != " "):
word = word+s[i]
else:
words.append(word)
word = ""
i = i + 1
words.append(word)
return words
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
puncRemovedText = remove_punctuation(text)
lowerText = convertToLower(puncRemovedText)
tokenizedText = tokenize(lowerText)
print(tokenizedText)
import nltk
# Define input text
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
#sentence segmentation - removal of punctuations and converting to lowercase
sentences = nltk.sent_tokenize(text)
puncRemovedText = remove_punctuation(text)
lowerText = convertToLower(puncRemovedText)
# Tokenize the text
tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(lowerText)
# Print the tokens
print(tokens)
['hello', 'nlp', 'world', 'in', 'this', 'example', 'we', 'are', 'going', 'to', 'do', 'the', 'basics', 'of', 'text', 'processing', 'which', 'will', 'be', 'used', 'later']
import nltk
sentence = "We're going to John's house today."
tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(sentence)
print(tokens)
['We', "'re", 'going', 'to', 'John', "'s", 'house', 'today', '.']
Python 3.8
#remove stop words.
#For this code, wesimply assume all words of length less than or equal to 3
#MUST be removed.
def stopWordRemoval(words):
j = 0
while (j < len(words)):
if(len(words[j]) < 3):
words.remove(words[j])
else:
j = j + 1
return words
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later"
puncRemovedText = remove_punctuation(text)
lowerText = convertToLower(puncRemovedText)
tokenizedText = tokenize(lowerText)
cleaned = stopWordRemoval(tokenizedText)
print(cleaned)
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
# Define input text
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
puncRemovedText = remove_punctuation(text)
lowerText = convertToLower(puncRemovedText)
tokenizedText = tokenize(lowerText)
# Define stop words
stop_words = set(stopwords.words("english"))
# Remove stop words
filtered_tokens = [token for token in tokenizedText if token.lower() not in stop_words]
# Print the filtered tokens
print(filtered_tokens)
['hello', 'nlp', 'world', 'example', 'basics', 'text', 'processing', 'used', 'later']
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.stem import PorterStemmer
# Define input text
text = "Hello, NLP world!! In this example, we are going to do the basics of Text processing which will be used later."
# Tokenize the text
tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(text)
# Define stop words
stop_words = set(stopwords.words("english"))
# Remove stop words
filtered_tokens = [token for token in tokens if token.lower() not in stop_words]
# Perform stemming
stemmer = PorterStemmer()
stemmed_tokens = [stemmer.stem(token) for token in filtered_tokens]
# Print the stemmed tokens
print(stemmed_tokens)
['hello', 'nlp', 'world', 'exampl', 'basic', 'text', 'process', 'use', 'later']
Visualizing and interpreting the results is an important step in text analysis
Visualizing and interpreting the results is an important step in text analysis

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