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How to control the background size in Tailwind CSS?
To control the size of background images, it's important to ensure they look good on all screen sizes. Images can stretch, crop, or repeat, which can make the design unappealing, especially when container sizes change in responsive layouts.
Our task is to control background image sizes with Tailwind CSS. We must ensure the images fit their containers, maintain quality and aspect ratios, and adapt to different screen sizes and devices.
Approaches to control background image size
Tailwind CSS provides several approaches to managing background image sizes:
- Using the bg-auto utility
- Using the bg-cover utility
- Using the bg-contain utility
- Using custom sizes with arbitrary values
Using bg-auto Utility
The bg-auto utility of background size shows the background image at its original size without any scaling. This is helpful when you want to keep the image's original dimensions unchanged.
Steps we took to control the background image:
- We used bg-no-repeat to prevent the image from repeating, so it only displays once and we added the bg-center class to position the background image at the center of the container.
- To set the div's height, we used h-64, which is 16rem (or 64 units in Tailwind) and applied a 2-unit border in a light green shade using border-green-200.
- Then, we applied bg-auto to display the background image at its original size without scaling.
Example
Here's an example using the bg-auto utility, implemented by following the above steps. If the image is smaller than the container, it may repeat or leave empty spaces.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://cdn.tailwindcss.com"></script>
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-100 min-h-screen">
<span class="bg-black text-white">
bg-auto: Original image size
</span>
<div class="bg-auto bg-no-repeat h-64 w-64 border-2 border-green-200
bg-[url('https://d3mxt5v3yxgcsr.cloudfront.net/courses/4661/course_4661_image.jpg?v=1.0')]"
>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output
Using bg-cover Utility
The bg-cover utility adjusts the image to fill the entire container while maintaining its aspect ratio. This is useful for creating backgrounds that fully cover the space.
Example
Here's an example code using the bg-cover utility. In this case, the image will fill the entire div, but some parts may get cropped.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://cdn.tailwindcss.com"></script>
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-100 min-h-screen">
<span class="bg-black text-white">
bg-cover: Image covers the container
</span>
<div class="bg-cover bg-center bg-no-repeat h-64 border-2 border-green-300
bg-[url('https://d3mxt5v3yxgcsr.cloudfront.net/courses/4661/course_4661_image.jpg?v=1.0')]"
>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output
Using bg-contain Utility
The bg-contain utility makes the image fit entirely within the container while keeping its original shape. This is useful for showing the full image without any cropping.
Example
Here's an example code using the bg-contain utility. This will display thw full image without cropping, but there may be some empty space around it.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://cdn.tailwindcss.com"></script>
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-100 min-h-screen">
<span class="bg-black text-white">
bg-contain: Image fits within the container
</span>
<div class="bg-contain bg-center bg-no-repeat h-64 border-2 border-green-300
bg-[url('https://d3mxt5v3yxgcsr.cloudfront.net/courses/4661/course_4661_image.jpg?v=1.0')]"
>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output
Custom Background Sizes
If you need a specific size that Tailwind's default utilities don't offer, you can use arbitrary values.
Example
Here's an example using arbitrary values. The background image is set to 300px wide and 200px high, but you can change these sizes to fit your design.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://cdn.tailwindcss.com"></script>
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-100 min-h-screen">
<span class="bg-black text-white">
Custom size: 300px x 200px
</span>
<div class="bg-no-repeat bg-center h-64 w-full border-2 border-green-300
bg-[url('https://d3mxt5v3yxgcsr.cloudfront.net/courses/4661/course_4661_image.jpg?v=1.0')]
bg-[size:300px_200px]"
>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output
Conclusion
Controlling the size of the background image in Tailwind CSS is easy with its utility classes. Using bg-auto, bg-cover, and bg-contain helps you create responsive designs. Just keep in mind how your images fit into your overall design when picking the right utility class.
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